In the development and application of assisted reproductive technology (ART), clinical experience in the human has often led the way. However, when invasive experimentation is required, the rodent or non-human primate may be the only suitable model. Furthermore, it can be argued that all ART applications should ideally be first applied in animals. Recent advances in non-human primate ART, with emphasis on experiments that cannot be conducted in humans for ethical reasons, are highlighted here.