ABSTRACT
In recent years, much of the scientific attention has been directed to the most intriguing, albeit uncommon, complications related to monozygosity. In a nutshell, most of these complications can be traced to the arteriovenous anastomoses (Figure), first described by the German obstetrician Friedrich Schatz in 1875 and later confirmed by the Viennese anatomist Joseph Hyrtl. The presence of such anastomoses as the underlying etiology for the syndrome of twin-to-twin transfusion set the stage for developing the most sophisticated fetal therapies in the past decade.
