ABSTRACT
Substitution urethroplasty is the gold standard treatment for strictures or disruptions of the male urethra not amenable to excision and primary anastomotic repair, typically for strictures greater than 2 or 3 cm in length. Recently, buccal mucosa (BM) has been shown to be the ideal graft material,1 especially for strictures involving the bulbar urethra. It is also especially useful for the treatment of strictures caused by balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO, also known as lichen sclerosus [LS]), where BM appears to be more resistant to recurrent disease than genital skin.2 Its use is extensively described in previous chapters.
