ABSTRACT
The worldwide application and success of assisted reproductive technology (ART) has advanced our knowledge about the complex nature of the human endometrium as it prepares for implantation. Prior to the first live birth from in-vitro fertilization (IVF) in 1978,1 the efficiency of human implantation was unknown. Since that time, we have come to appreciate that many apparently ‘normal’ embryos do not, in fact, implant. These observations have led to intensive research directed at identifying the rate-limiting steps of implantation.
