ABSTRACT
Answer: (a) Alpha-agonist medication is the primary medical treatment of the incompetent bladder neck; complications include palpitations, headache, anxiety and hypertension.
2. Which population is least likely to experience success with a urethral/bladder neck sling procedure:
(a) N onambulatory male (b) C ombined with a bladder augmentation (c) A mbulatory male (d) A mbulatory female (e) C ombined withanotherbladderneck
procedure such as a Young-Dees and augmentation
Answer: (c) Of the above options, the ambulatory male patient historically is the most difficult patient to achieve continence after a urethral sling procedure.
