ABSTRACT

Facial aging results from the loss of youthful skin elasticity, the gravitational descent and atrophy of subcutaneous tissues, and the attenuation of retaining ligaments. The attractive pout of the mouth gives way to perioral rhytides; the almond-shaped eyes give way to herniated fat pads and eyelid skin redundancy; the ‘apple-cheeks’ of youth yield to the deepened nasolabial fold and creases of middle age. Fortunately, the stigmata of aging can be improved and corrected.