ABSTRACT
I. INTRODUCTION Urethral injectable agents have been used to treat urinary incontinence resulting from intrinsic sphincteric deficiency (ISD). In the past, operative procedures that are known to be effective in treating this disorder are the placement of an artificial urinary sphincter and the insertion of an urethral sling. Unlike these operations, however, the injection of bulking agents into the urethra is a minimally invasive procedure that can be done in the physicians office. In this chapter, we will discuss the proposed mechanism of action of urethral injectable agents, the selection of the appropriate patient, various types of bulking agents, nuances of injection technique, and the outcomes in different patient groups.
