Injectable Agents for the Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence in Females*

I. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE The use of bulking agents dates to 1938, when Murless injected sodium morrhuate, a sclerosing agent, into the anterior vaginal wall of 20 incontinent women [1]. The inflammatory response compressed the urethra and provided improved continence in 17 women; however, complications precluded its further use. In 1955, Quackels successfully treated two patients with periurethral paraffin injections [2]. Sachshe utilized Dondren, a sclerosing agent, in 1963; however, pulmonary emboli complicated the procedure [3].