ABSTRACT
Proteoglycans form a versatile group of complex macromolecules consisting of a core glycoprotein covalently linked to linear chains of carbohydrates termed glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Proteoglycans can be found in different amounts in the extracellular space, on the cell surface, and inside the cells in all tissues and organs. In blood vessels, proteoglycans constitute only a minor component but are critically involved in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological events that occur within the vascular wall. Proteoglycans are essential for proper matrix assembly, and may play an important role in maintaining the structural integrity of the vascular wall. In addition, proteoglycans participate in more dynamic processes. They contribute to hemostasis and thrombosis by interacting with clotting and fibrinolytic factors.
