ABSTRACT
Variation within the genetic sequence of individuals is an intrinsic property of the human genome. Such variations may lead to subtle changes in gene expression or protein function that in themselves are not the cause of disease but, together, may produce marked differences in the response to a given injury. That genetics factors influence the pathophysiology of acute lung injury (ALI) is unquestionable. We cannot hope to understand and effectively treat ALI without an intimate understanding of the relationship between genetic variation and pathophysiology. We are increasingly aware of the need to understand and treat the individual patient rather than cohorts or populations. Genetics will be a key component of that process, nowhere more so than in the context of critical illness, where profound differences in disease severity and response to therapy are commonplace.
