ABSTRACT
Initially, recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA) were considered to be due either to chromosomal aberrations of the fetus that are incompatible with its development or to maternal causes such as uterine anatomical abnormalities, hormonal or metabolic disturbances, hereditary thrombophilias, and infectious agents. When all the above causes of miscarriage were excluded, the miscarriages were characterized as ‘unexplained miscarriages’. During the last 20 years, it has become clear that a large proportion of unexplained RSA (possibly more than 80%) may be due to immunological causes.1
