ABSTRACT
Institute (5). These criteria may be used as a guide to establish a TCD vascular ultrasound department; however, each institution needs to validate the TCD examinations performed at their institution with an appropriate reference standard. This chapter will describe the normal values associated with a TCD examination and the diagnostic criteria being used for the (i) diagnosis of intracranial vascular disease (stenosis and occlusion), (ii) monitoring vasospasm and hyperemia, (iii) assessment of intracranial collateral pathways, (iv) detection of cerebral emboli, (v) increased intracranial pressure (ICP), (vi) monitoring cerebral circulatory arrest, (vii) documentation of a subclavian steal, and (viii) detection of rightto-left shunts.
