ABSTRACT
This chapter summarizes the experimental studies on which the concept of low density lipoprotein oxidation as a key mechanism in atherosclerosis is based as well as the epidemiological and intervention studies performed to assess the role of antioxidants in cardiovascular disease. Oxidation of low density lipoprotein is initiated by an attack of a radical on an unsaturated fatty acid. Lipid oxidation may influence this process primarily by causing injury and inflammation. The oxidation of molecular oxygen to produce energy is an extremely efficient way to produce energy but is at the same time quite hazardous as it depends on the generation and metabolism of a number of highly reactive oxygen intermediates. In most animal models, treatment with antioxidants such as probucol, BHT, and vitamin E leads to a reduced expression of adhesion molecules and to inhibition of fatty streak formation. The results of epidemiological cohort and case-control studies provide support for a protective effect of antioxidant vitamins on cardiovascular disease.
