ABSTRACT
Anatomy, flow, valve function, and occlusion are the primary variables that are
assessed non invasively. Evaluation of these parameters can be direct (e.g., doppler
ultrasonography) or indirect/physiologic (e.g., plethysmography). The disease states that
prompt these investigations can be broken down into reflux and obstruction. These
methods have allowed us to increase our understanding on the pathophysiology of chronic
venous disease (CVD). As a consequence the management of CVD has also improved.
