ABSTRACT
Xanthine oxidase catalyzes the final reactions in the purine catabolic cascade in
humans that result in the production of urate. The development of allopurinol, a
potent inhibitor of xanthine oxidase activity, provided an effective treatment for
many patients with gout. Additional xanthine oxidase inhibitors have
subsequently been developed. The purpose of this chapter is to review the
pharmacology of these agents and to discuss strategies and alternative therapies
for patients who are unable to tolerate allopurinol.
