ABSTRACT
With most published data based on case reports and small case series, utilization of laparoscopy for noncalculous ureteral surgery remains in its infancy. However, as the urologic community’s experience with laparoscopy grows, a dramatic increase in laparoscopic applications to the ureter is likely to be seen in the next decade. The principles of surgical approaches to the retrocaval ureter, idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis, transureteroureterostomy, cutaneous ureterostomy, and ureteroneocystostomy in adults are discussed in this chapter.
