ABSTRACT
Calcium (Ca) is the most abundant mineral in the body and, together with phosphorus (P), forms the major inorganic constituent of bone. Magnesium (Mg) is the fourth most abundant cation and is the second most common intracellular electrolyte in the body. The maintenance of mineral homeostasis requires a complex interaction of hormonal and nonhormonal factors; adequate functioning of various body systems, in particular, the renal, gastrointestinal, and skeletal systems; and adequate dietary intake. From a clinical perspective, mineral homeostasis is reflected in the maintenance of circulating concentrations of Ca, Mg, and P in the normal range, and integrity of the skeleton.
