ABSTRACT
Exsanguinating hemorrhage is the major cause of early death following trauma (1,2). Immediate large-bore vascular access, aggressive intravascular volume administration, along with simultaneous control of bleeding, are the only known effective therapeutic maneuvers for massive hemorrhage. Rapid intravenous (IV) access also facilitates drug administration; it can be useful in estimating the intravascular volume and can expedite blood sampling of trauma victims.
