ABSTRACT
Routine viral diagnostics includes techniques for both indirect and direct detection of viruses. Indirect detection of viruses is performed by serological studies. Techniques for direct detection of viruses include detection of viral antigens, viruses, or viral components by isolation of viruses on cell cultures (or through animal experiments), and detection of viral nucleic acids is also referred to as nucleic acid testing (NAT). Furthermore, viral morphologic structures can be investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy.
