ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION The sequencing of the human genome has allowed medical researchers to identify novel mechanisms involved in disease, resulting in a large array of new therapeutic agents, including peptides and proteins. While most small drug molecules can be delivered to the systemic circulation via the oral route, the acidic environment of the stomach and existence of peptidases and proteases within the small intestine pose a major hindrance to effective oral delivery of peptides and proteins. In addition, the physicochemical properties of peptides and proteins often limit optimum formulation and development of suitable delivery systems (1). Consequently, alternative routes of delivery are required to effectively deliver bioactive peptides and proteins to humans.
