ABSTRACT
I. Introduction The foundation for clinical transplantation was laid at University of Chicago by Alexis Carrel (Fig. 1) (1). In recognition of his work in vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs, he was awarded the first Nobel price in Physiology or Medicine in 1912. His pioneering work was continued by others at University of Chicago and around the world in various animal models. After subsequent fundamental advances in immunology, clinical organ transplantation became a reality.
