ABSTRACT
Pantaleoni in 1869 first performed transcervical intrauterine evaluation and treatment with hysteroscopy. He used a 12 mm cystoscope, candlelight and a concave mirror to treat polyps with silver nitrate in a 60-year-old woman. Since then, Nitze and Leiter added the optical lens to the endoscope in 1879, Heineberg used a water irrigation system in 1908, and Rubin used carbon dioxide (CO2) in 1925. The indications to perform operative hysteroscopy include endometrial ablation and resection, myomectomy, polypectomy, tubal occlusion, metroplasty, adhesiolysis, removal of retained products of conception, visually directed biopsies of endometrial lesions, and removal of a lost intrauterine device (IUD).
