ABSTRACT
A detailed history must be obtained on every patient presenting with new-onset urinary drainage per vagina, as many women have potential risk factors for the development of fistulae. Operative details should be obtained in order to further determine the etiology of the fistulae such as lymphadenectomy, excessive bleeding requiring cautery or suture placement, or wide excision of tissue margins during oncologic resection. The amount of urine drainage must be detailed. While smaller amounts of urine drainage may be related to small vesicovaginal fistulae, other etiologies can include ureterovaginal, urethrovaginal, vesicocervical, vesicouterine, and peritoneovaginal fistulae ( Fig. 95.1 ).
