ABSTRACT
Several clinical series studies and two randomized trials have demonstrated efficacy of outpatient bladder training or a mixture of inpatient and outpatient intervention ( 6-15 ). The most definitive study of outpatient bladder training is a randomized clinical trial that demonstrated a mean 57% reduction in frequency of incontinence in older women (13) . In this trial, bladder training not only reduced incontinence associated with detrusor overactivity, but also incontinence associated with sphincter insufficiency, possibly because patients acquired a greater awareness of bladder function or that the exercise of postponing urination increased the use of pelvic floor muscles.
