ABSTRACT
Electrical stimulation or neuromodulation of nerves of the lower urinary tract has been studied and tried extensively over the years. The best known and best documented technique is sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) by means of an implantable pulse generator. Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) is the most extensive documented way of nerve stimulation away from the sacral nerves. Other sites and ways of stimulation have been explored and tested as well, but the published data are scarce and there is a huge variety in applied techniques.
