ABSTRACT
The precise mode of action of neuromodulation is unknown. Its effects can be explained by modulation of reflex pathways at the spinal cord level ( 1 , 2 ). However, there are now studies that indicate that supraspinal pathways are involved as well (3) . Experimental work in animals, human volunteers, and patients has revealed that at least two mechanisms are important: activation of efferent nerve fibers to the striated urethral sphincter reflexively causes detrusor relaxation, and activation of afferent nerve fibers causes inhibition of the voiding reflex at a spinal and/or supraspinal level.
