ABSTRACT
This chapter will discuss these issues while accepting the importance of the role of neurobiology and the universality of the psychological stress response.(4) These form the stage on which ethnic and cultural factors are played out. Perhaps most important to this process is the dimension of intrusion and avoidance in the traumatic stress response.(5) These axes of reaction are manifest in both individuals’ cognitive and affective domains and the way that society at large contains and relives trauma.(6) The critical aspect of this process is the subtle manner in which the past often comes to be played out in the future and moulds the shape and affect of current reactions and attitudes without the roots being recognized.
