ABSTRACT
COMPLEX VERTEBRAL INTERVENTIONS The complexity of vertebral artery intervention is determined by the anatomical location of the lesion being treated (1). The anatomic course of the vertebral artery is divided into four segments (V1-V4) (Fig. 1). The complexity of ostial vertebral artery angioplasty presents a challenge as does angioplasty in the ostial location of any vessel. Precise stent placement covering the ostium without protruding excessively into the parent artery can always be a challenge. One to two millimeters of stent hanging into the parent artery is necessary to prevent missing ostial disease (2).
