ABSTRACT

Intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) is the major cause of stroke worldwide and accounts for about 10% of ischemic stroke in the United States. As technology and our understanding of ICAD have evolved, treatment has come to encompass a diversity of medical, surgical, and endovascular approaches. In this chapter, we will review relevant anatomy and pathophysiology, describe the current state of the art in endovascular ICAD treatment, and discuss developing trends that will shape the future management of this disease.