ABSTRACT
What makes warfare in the information age a departure from the past is that information as warfare has become as important as information in warfare. Information is no longer just a means to boost the effectiveness of lethal technologies, but opens up the possibility of non-lethal attacks that can incapacitate, defeat, deter or coerce an adversary. The information age has also expanded the domains of IW – on the battlefield, in the marketplace, and against the infrastructure of modern society – and its purveyors –individuals and private groups in addition to national militaries. Yet despite these differences, the logic of warfare remains the same – sequencing and coordinating attacks to achieve lower order technical or "cyber" goals, which are part of a broader campaign to achieve higher order political, material and/or symbolic goals. Moreover, despite the leveling affect of information technology, states and state-sponsored groups will retain certain advantages in waging information warfare because a capacity for sustained attack still requires a level of organization, intelligence about the target, and sustainability not likely to be possessed by the lone individual.
