ABSTRACT
According to tradition, a commentator is required to make a few comments as well as to ask questions regarding individual presentations. This chapter highlights that there is a sharp difference between the German and US systems. The US is also famous for its dual regulation. Whereas there is a federal regulatory body, there are also local authorities responsible for local public utilities including telecommunications. Whilst there is some regulation of facilities in Germany, there are little or no restrictions on the content transmitted by the facilities. Germany also has a unique system, a dual broadcasting system between public and private broadcasters. Some presenters pointed out that a triple system is occurring. Multimedia-type communications would become the mainstream in future. A system suited to such environment may be planned on the basis of horizontal separation which is stressed in the recent studies of Industrial Organization.
