ABSTRACT
One of the most important sources of an expert's knowledge is the corpus of concrete instances or examples. This is certainly true in mathematics, computer science, and law. This chapter explores the process of reasoning with examples and cases, particularly how they are generated, for instance, as counterexamples in mathematics and as hypotheticals in law. One particular type of example-based reasoning that is discussed is case-based reasoning, which is exemplified by the kind of reasoning used in law, in which cases and hypotheticals play a central role.
