ABSTRACT
Tatsuoka (1985, 1990) has developed a method for diagnosing misconceptions, and skill and knowledge acquisition combining deterministic concepts of attributes and ideal response patterns with a latent trait θ, which can be interpreted as a latent variable underlying performances in answering the items correctly. DiBello, Stout, and Roussos (1993) proposed a model for cognitive assessment using attribute patterns, strategy matrix, and latent residual variable θ, which is a hypothesized variable dealing with other strategies than those accommodated in the strategy matrix, and also incompleteness, which includes the possibility of higher mental processes operating.
