ABSTRACT
Social group work emerged from the settlement, Y's and community centers, also recreation and progressive education movements. From the settlements, group work derived its institutional base. Its leadership was committed to the development of responsible citizenship, assimilation, participation in democratic processes, and collective action. Participation in democratic, mutual aid group processes was the primary mechanism for achieving these valued outcomes. 1 From the recreation movement, social group work developed its interest in the value of play, leisure-time activities, body movement and physical action. Camping emphasized the child's transaction with the natural world, its appreciation and effective uses. Recreational needs and outlets were used to “build character” and develop a sense of competence and mastery. 2 From progressive education, social group work acquired a philosophical base emphasizing the uses of mutual aid and peer learning. To participate and experience democratic discussions and learning was considered to be the most effective method for preparing America's youth to function in a democratic society. 3
