ABSTRACT
In the Netherlands, cost–benefit analysis (CBA) has gained an increasingly important role in the evaluation of so-called “integrated” spatial projects (spatial transformation projects) that aim to simultaneously improve the economic, social and ecological qualities of an area. Such projects strive to realize, for example, a combination of infrastructure, housing, nature development, and business parks. The evaluation of these projects is thus a challenging task due to the wide range of complex impacts that intervene at different geographical scales, such as impacts of building, the development of nature areas, and landscaping, to name just three. As developers of local and regional projects request financial support from the Dutch government, a clear distinction between impacts at local, regional and national scale is more often required.
