ABSTRACT
Important differences in the degree of multinational activity across industries have long been observed. In some industries, multinational enterprises (MNEs) account for a major share of total output while in other industries this share is minor. It has also been shown consistently that the degree of multinationality in an industry is closely related to such variables as R & D expenditure as a percentage of sales, marketing expenditures as a percentage of sales, and the ratio of white-collar workers to total work force (e.g., Caves 1982).
