ABSTRACT
This chapter provides the fundamentals of effective teaching and learning, keeping pedagogy ahead of technology, and seeks to maximise the alignment of the critical components of an effective online or blended learning environment. It also aims to establish and maintain cognitive presence, social presence and teaching presence in the online or blended learning environment. The chapter introduces new technologies selectively, seeking help from peers, learners and others, and aims to conduct formative evaluations to refine the online or blended subject systematically each time it is taught. The fundamentals of effective teaching and learning remain paramount, regardless of how a subject is delivered. Some of the least effective treatments according to Hattie's analysis are among the favourites of the proponents of educational technology, such as: computer-assisted instruction simulations and games audiovisual methods programmed instruction web-based learning. Many universities provide teachers with access to instructional designers through a centre for teaching and learning or a similarly named unit.
