ABSTRACT
After more than a decade of prolonged and arduous negotiations, China finally became a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO) at the end of 2001. One of the main goals of China's accession to the WTO was to create a better and more stable environment for the country's international trade. However, China's WTO membership has not brought about a fair and equitable trading environment as China's foreign trade still encounters a number of unfriendly WTO rules and regulations, some of which are China-specific. In particular, some of China's so-called WTO-plus commitments have resulted in discriminatory treatment against Chinese firms, even though the rules and regulations underlying such commitments are not necessarily WTO-inconsistent. For instance, the non-market economy (NME) provisions of The Protocol of China's Accession to the WTO has, at least partially, led to hundreds of antidumping (AD) cases against China since 2001. Indeed, China has been the most common target of antidumping among WTO Members. Since 1995 a total of 884 AD cases, or 21.4 percent of the world total, have been directed against China (Kennedy and He 2013).
