ABSTRACT
Torn-up cobblestones, burning cars and barricades put up by French students were the immediate aftermath of the 1968 riots in Paris. They helped to bring an end to a political era. That year heads were broken at Columbia University when city police were eventually called in to deal with students who had taken over the administrative buildings. At Berkeley, Japan and elsewhere equally violent scenes took place during the sixties. Tragically one student was shot dead by police during a demonstration in Berlin, and the climax occurred in 1970 when four were killed by National Guardsmen at Kent State University in Ohio.
