ABSTRACT
Memorials to the pre-settlement experiences of Indigenous peoples and the violence of the colonial frontier are rarer still.1 From the mid-nineteenth century to the 1960s, the few public monuments that acknowledged the presence of Indigenous men and women portrayed them in limited ways: as ‘treacherous natives’, the ‘last’ survivor of a tribe or as the helpmeets of explorers and settlers (Batten 2004: 101-2). Since the last decades of the twentieth century, and especially after the Bicentenary of British settlement (or invasion) in 1988 sparked much debate and contestation about Australian history, there has been a growing desire by Aboriginal people to recognize their past, including resistance to colonialism, through public memorials.
