ABSTRACT
Campaign life is rarely certain, even if eventual outcomes are expected. History is replete with examples of unexpected candidate gaffes, poor organization, and hard-hitting attacks from opposing candidates and outside parties or groups that sink even the most established campaigns. The fact that campaign crises occur isn’t news. It also isn’t surprising that money plays a major role in shaping campaigns. What is unusual, however, is that the interaction of these topics has received little scholarly attention—despite their clear interaction in practical terms, including substantial interest from practitioners and journalists. Even among political marketing scholars, there is little attention to either subject—and virtually none to both—despite a substantial literature on crisis-management in loosely related topics such as commercial marketing.
