ABSTRACT
The conservation of nature has conventionally been carried out through regulatory measures such as: designation of protected areas; limitations on exploitation of land, forests, or wildlife; regulations on the capture and trade of rare species; or through tax incentives such as property tax exemptions for portions of land located within important conservation zones of national parks or other protected areas. However, these measures alone cannot generate resources for the long-term maintenance of protected areas or species. As a result, biodiversity loss and degradation have been exacerbated beyond protected areas in the wider urban and rural ecosystems.
