ABSTRACT
This chapter demonstrates that working with communities to build or rebuild equitable governance structures and processes for natural resource management can help to avoid or resolve conflicts, and can build demand for transparent and fair governance where none previously existed or was lost during civil war. As the case studies from Bolivia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Afghanistan illustrate, this approach can foster communication among rival parties and create positive connections between communities and the state that will encourage the extension of the rule of law into rural areas. The chapter highlights the critical role of conservation nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in conserving natural resources, supporting good governance, and securing livelihoods. In fragile states, where conflict is simmering, boiling, or threatening to re-erupt, local engagement with conservation NGOs may be the only mechanism available to maintain stability in local governance and build incipient demand for security and peace.
