ABSTRACT
The circumstance of the possible decline of Kondratieff long waves as industrialisation comes to an end draws attention to the even longer stages in human history. The 50–60 year stages of the Kondratieff cycle illustrate the development of ocean resources and management. Climate change that includes accelerated warming of the ocean, and attendant sea level rise and ocean acidification has profound consequences for ocean life. However, almost certainly more important than these risks is the development of human thinking in the field of ocean resources and management. There are in the order of twenty phrases in the English language alone that are used to specify the kind of management that is needed, not only for the world ocean, but for the planet as a whole. A much more sophisticated understanding of development applied to management of the world's ocean resources–and the planet as a whole–is required.
