ABSTRACT
Nationalist ideology has swept across the world ever since the French Revolution created the nation-state model in the eighteenth century. Human societies entered the nation-state era with the disintegration of ancient traditional empires and modern colonial empires. The so-called nation-state has the characteristics of sovereign independence, territorial integrity and conversion from ‘subjects’ loyal to the emperor to modern citizens loyal to the country. The traditional concept of nationalism emphasized a single and unitary composition of nationals, and pursued the principle of unified language and region – ‘one nation, one state’. However, this principle is almost impossible to put into practice, because the majority of former nation-states form a multi-ethnic group, 1 multi-lingual, and multi-religious. Building a unified state-nation has become the task of all nation-states.
