ABSTRACT
Sino-Russian energy relations occur at multiple levels – the systemic level of the global oil market; the state-to-state level, which includes Moscow-Beijing memorandum of understanding (MOU) and company-to-company relations between Yukos, Rosneft, Transneft and CNPC; and the regional level of trans-border local government energy relations and economic integration between the Russian Far East (RFE) and China's Northeast. This chapter considers how different levels of Sino-Russian energy relations contribute to a stable Sino-Russian energy partnership and which levels challenge that stability, and identifies the mechanisms for institutionalizing an energy partnership.
