ABSTRACT
Productive services, also known as producer services, are a symmetric concept comparable to consumer services and government services. Producer services, in the strictest sense, refer to the productive input factors given in the form of services provided by non-governmental institutions to the agricultural and manufacturing sectors. Along with the share of tertiary industry in GDP increases and as the concept of production switches from production of agricultural and manufacturing services to service production, producer services have become better understood by the public in its broader sense. Producer services, in this regard, refer to service inputs in the operational processes that produce tangible and intangible products in the agricultural, manufacturing, and service industries as productive factors (Bi 2009).
