ABSTRACT
Integrating development goals into conservation initiatives is not new. The term was already in use in the 1960s in Africa (Garnett et al., 2007). The approach took off as a dominant tool for biodiversity conservation and livelihood improvement in the mid-1980s (McShane and Wells, 2004; Robinson and Redford, 2004) (The ICDP concept quickly gained wide acceptance from both conservation and development audiences due to its attractive promise of “win-win” solutions for two often opposing goals, nature conservation and socio-economic development (McShane and Wells, 2004). In some circles it came to be viewed as the working model of sustainable development at the project level (Robinson and Redford, 2004).
