ABSTRACT
Methods for scaling, norming, and equating are considered in this chapter. The chapter begins with an overview of key points. Then the concepts of scaling, norming, and equating as they pertain to assessment in higher education are described. Issues associated with scaling, norming, and equating in admissions testing, placement testing, and assessments used for outcomes and accountability are then discussed. Detailed examples of how scaling, norming, and equating procedures are used in the ACT® (ACT, 2010a) and SAT® (College Board, 2010c) admissions testing programs and the Advanced Placement Program® (AP®, College Board, 2010b) are provided.
