ABSTRACT
The workings of the law are uncertain. This is true in general and it is true for antitrust or competition law.
If firms are found to have violated competition policy, they open themselves up to the possibility of fines1 —if the offending conduct is detected, if the enforcement agency decides to levy a fine or challenge the conduct in court, if a trial court sustains the enforcement agency, and, if all of these things come to pass, if the trial court is not overturned in the event of appeal to higher courts.
